Category: Europe

  • Greece – Epidaurus

    Healing and Theatrics


    Theatre Isn’t Dead

    Epidaurus (or Epidavros — this will come in handy in a bit) is one of the most important archaeological sites in Greece, famed not only for its sacred healing sanctuary dedicated to Asclepius, the god of medicine, but also for its magnificent ancient theatre. If there’s a staple in every Greek or Roman ruin, it’s gotta be a theatre. And boi, is this one a stunner — not necessarily because it’s astonishingly well preserved (though it is), but for its near-perfect acoustics.

    That’s one of the reasons this particular theatre is still in use today during the annual Epidaurus Festival, which runs through July and August, hosting both modern and classical performances.

    Since we’re already on the topic of the Epidaurus Festival, let’s dive right into how to get there.

    If you’re visiting during festival season, you’re in luck. Regular buses run from various parts of the country (Athens, Isthmos, Nafplio, Tolo, and Archaea Epidavros) to and from the site.

    There’s a full timetable and everything you need to know right here.

    The Epidaurus Festival is Greece’s most prominent cultural event, and one of the oldest performing arts festivals in Europe (since 1955). The Athens & Epidaurus Festival hosts world-class theatre, dance, and music performances every year — both in Athens and right here at the Ancient Theatre.

    If you have the chance to catch one of these shows during festival season, it comes highly recommended by literally everybody I’ve talked to, locals and guides alike. Here’s a link to the main site.

    However, if you’re not visiting during festival season, there are still options. Public transport-wise, you’ve got two main routes: via Nafplio, or Nafplio-Ligourio.

    The Way There (and Back)

    From Nafplio, buses only go to and from Epidaurus twice a day, so plan carefully. Miss your return ride and you might just be stuck among the ruins. A round trip is €6.40.

    Alternatively, you can take a bus from Nafplio to Lygourio, the next town over from the site, and grab a cab the rest of the way — or even spend the night if you want a head start the next morning.

    Bus schedules can be found here.

    I’ve already covered how to get to Nafplio from Athens in my Mycenae post, so pop over there for the details.

    The Original Surround Sound

    As you can probably tell by now, Epidaurus is famous for its theatre. But that’s not all it offers.
    The Sanctuary of Asclepius at Epidaurus was the most celebrated healing center in the classical world. People came from across the Mediterranean seeking cures, treatments, or divine visions in the Abaton, a sacred sleeping hall where the god would appear in dreams.

    Inscriptions found at the site record miracle cures, blind people seeing, the lame walking. How true are these stories? No one really knows. But it’s the blend of myth, faith, and medicine that makes history so deliciously messy and fascinating.

    Originally a small, inhabited town, Epidaurus first centered its worship around Apollo Maleatas, before shifting focus to the cult of Asclepius, his son. As the site’s reputation grew, so did its infrastructure: temples, theatres, stadiums, gymnasiums, roads, markets, guesthouses. It basically became a city built around healing.

    Today, outside of the theatre, much of the sanctuary is a game of imagination. There’s a lot to see, but most of it lies in quiet ruin.

    Entry is €20, which you can purchase online or at the entrance. (If you’re under 18 and non-EU or under 25 and from the EU, you may be entitled to free admission.)

    Start at the Archaeological Museum of Epidaurus, located right at the entrance. It’s not flashy, but it’s informative — statues, friezes, and artifacts that give much-needed context before heading into the site.

    If you’re there early enough, you might get to test the theatre’s famous acoustics all by yourself. I, however, arrived around 11:30 AM thanks to the earliest bus from Nafplio being at 10:30 AM — right at peak tour group hour.

    So there I was, trudging up the stone steps behind a human conga line of folks hollering from center stage. Mildly annoying? Yes. But hey, the acoustics really are as good as they say.

    Beyond the theatre, you’ll find a footpath leading to the Stadium, nestled quietly among the trees. You can walk the original track, admire the stone seating, and pretend you’re about to run the ancient equivalent of a 5K.

    Back on the main trail, you’ll reach the heart of the Sanctuary of Asclepius and the partially restored Tholos (which was undergoing renovations when I visited). From here, you can also see the Abaton, and descend into its cool, shaded corners to read more about the rituals and healing practices that made this place famous.

    The site is well-marked with signs and maps — a guide isn’t strictly necessary unless you’re a history buff who wants every juicy detail.

    Continue exploring and you’ll find the remains of the Temple of Artemis, Roman baths, the Katagogion (guesthouses), and the Odeon (a small Roman theatre). While some are just foundation outlines, there are helpful info panels that paint a vivid mental picture.

    Half-Day Done, What’s Next?

    If you’re going by public transport, I highly recommend getting to Nafplio the day before and catching the first bus to Epidaurus at 10:30 AM. You’ll arrive around 11-11:30, explore the main highlights — museum, theatre, sanctuary, Tholos, Abaton — and then either hop back on the 12:30 PM bus or stay longer and catch the 3:00 PM one.

    Epidaurus makes a great half-day trip from Nafplio, especially if you’re piecing together ancient Greece one dusty stone at a time. For the other half? Explore Nafplio — the former capital of modern Greece, bursting with hidden gems and seaside charm, or just lounge on one of its nearby beaches.

    But if you’re me, overly ambitious, mildly chaotic, and finds comfort in ruins cause my life is in ruins, then you’d probably already on the next bus toward Corinth.

    Stay tuned 😉

  • Greece – Mycenae

    The City of Legends


    The Golden Era

    Mycenae, the land where ancient kings ruled, and murder was a family tradition.

    If Knossos was all about labyrinths, bulls, and gods with boundary issues, then Mycenae is where things take a darker, bloodier turn — welcome to the land of tragic royalty, great dynasties, and some of the oldest stone walls you’ll ever lay eyes on.

    Tucked away in the northeastern Peloponnese, the archaeological site of Mycenae is perched dramatically on a hill, surrounded by mountains, with epic views that make your legs feel tired just by looking up.

    This is also where epics like The Iliad and The Odyssey kick off, with the Mycenaean King Agamemnon — a man famous for launching a thousand ships… and then getting murdered in his bathtub. Humor and bloodshed. Greek myths in a nutshell.

    The Way There

    Getting here is relatively easy. Ish. Depending on your mode of transport and where you’re coming from.

    If you’re renting or driving a car, congratulations, you’ve got 70% of your transportation logistics sorted. Google Maps will have your back.

    If you’re relying on public transport, I got you.

    Coming from Athens? First, head to the bus terminal at Kifisou (KTEA Kifisou) — just search that in Maps. You can take the X93 bus from the airport or the metro to get there. Once there, look for the corner of the interchange with buses to Nafplio.

    Bus tickets to Nafplio are not bought at the main ticketing area, but if you get lost, head there and one of the nice ladies behind the booth will point you to the right booth number.

    A one-way ticket from Athens to Nafplio is €14.30, but if you tell them you’re getting off at Fichti, it’s a little cheaper. Tickets can be bought online, but with the many KTEL sites (each handling a different part of Greece), it’s honestly easier to buy in person. I’ve had zero issues doing that while gallivanting around the country.

    Still, it helps to check schedules in advance, so here’s a handy link for it.

    There are no direct buses to the Mycenae site itself, so getting off at Fichti, the next town over, is your best bet.

    The ride takes around 2–3 hours, and you’ll be dropped off at a “bus station”, which is actually just a local tobacco shop/mini-mart that moonlights as a transport hub.

    From here, you’ve got two options: walk two hours, or take a cab.

    If you’ve got time to kill and energy to spare, the walk isn’t bad. It’s scenic, the locals are friendly, and while there’s barely any shade, it’s mainly flat — until the final 30–40 minutes. That’s where the incline begins, as the ancients didn’t play around when choosing high ground for military and legitimacy. Safe to say, they never skipped leg day.

    The easy way out? It’s literally across the street of the bus station. There are always two to three cabs parked outside, ready to take you to the site. I opted to brave it on foot, so I can’t say how much it costs, but several drivers honked at me mid-hike offering rides, so you’ll likely find help if you change your mind halfway.

    Treasury or Tomb?

    Before you even hit the main ruins, swing by the Treasury of Atreus — a.k.a. the Tomb of Agamemnon (historians and archeologists are still arguing over that one). It’s included in your entry ticket and located just 10 minutes from the main site.

    This massive tholos tomb is one of the best-preserved examples from the Mycenaean civilization. And while there’s no hard evidence it belonged to Agamemnon or Atreus, the grandeur fits the legend. These names, like many things in archaeology, were inherited more from tradition and imagination than proof.

    Still, the engineering is impressive, and its symmetry and scale may have influenced later Greek architecture. Early visitors believed it stored gold — hence “treasury” — likely inspired by Homer’s tales of Agamemnon’s wealth. It’s long since been looted, but its sheer presence is stunning.

    The City of Blood and Stone

    The actual city of Mycenae is a legend both in myth and reality. It was one of the most powerful centers of the Late Bronze Age and gave its name to the entire Mycenaean civilization, which laid the groundwork for classical Greek culture.

    Mycenae dominated mainland Greece and traded far across the eastern Mediterranean, reaching as far as Egypt, Anatolia, and the Levant. Even by Homer’s time, the city was already in ruins, yet its legacy loomed large as the fabled home of King Agamemnon.

    You might remember Agamemnon as the guy who led the Greeks to Troy in The Iliad to avenge the abduction of Helen by Paris. While his role in myth is legendary, his actual existence remains unproven.

    While his existence in myth is significant, his actual existence is not exactly proven yet. Despite German archaeologist, Heinrich Schliemann (the same dude that dug up Troy) , claiming to have found Agamemnon’s tomb at Mycenae and famously unearthed the gold “Mask of Agamemnon” ( on display in the National Archeological Museum of Athens and replica displayed in the Mycenae Archeological Museum), the tomb and mask however predate the supposed time of the Trojan War by about 300 years or so, making the attribution symbolic, not literal.

    But we all love a good story don’t we? So let’s just assume for now that he did indeed exist.

    But back to the actual city, or what’s left of it.

    There isn’t much left of the actual “city,” just fragments and foundations scattered across the hilltop. But the scale of the site helps you visualize just how grand it once was.

    Your journey begins at the Lion Gate, Mycenae’s iconic entrance. Above it looms the oldest known monumental sculpture in mainland Europe — two lions flanking a column.

    From there, you’re surrounded by Cyclopean walls — enormous stone fortifications so massive the Greeks later believed only giants (Cyclopes) could have built them.

    You’ll wander through ruins of temples, administrative centers, and what remains of the royal palace complex. There’s even a staircase descending into an ancient cistern, partially accessible if you’re feeling adventurous.

    Don’t miss the Tomb of Clytemnestra, another impressive beehive tomb associated with the legendary queen (again, more tradition than confirmed fact).

    Before heading out, stop by the Archaeological Museum near the entrance. It houses excavated finds from across the site and helps piece together the story — mythological and historical — of this ancient powerhouse.

    The Way Back

    Now for us public transport laddies, here’s how you get back.

    If you took a cab to the site, you’ll likely need to call one back — they don’t usually wait around the entrance. There’s a sign with a phone number at the entrance so you can call for a cab, or better yet, grab a business card from your original driver and arrange a pickup time.

    I didn’t do this. I walked back the whole way. My feet are still recovering.

    Once you’re back at the Fichti tobacco shop/bus station, you can purchase a return ticket to Nafplio or Athens from there. Just check the schedule ahead of time — buses come every hour or two. Miss it, and you’ll be waiting around for the next hour or so for the next one, if there is one.

    Also, you must flag the bus down. They don’t stop unless you signal. Don’t be me. I watched mine roll past like a scene from a Greek tragedy and had to wait another 1.5 hours for the next one.

    If you’re not sure when you’re heading back, opt for an open return ticket. It’s a bit more expensive but saves you the hassle of buying another ticket later.

    The buses are generally on time, affordable, and honestly, a pretty reliable way to get around Greece and all its cities.

    From Fichti, you can either continue on to Nafplio, which i did, or head back to Athens. If you’ve got time, you could even squeeze in a detour to Corinth — both the city and the ancient site — on your way back. But that’s a tale for another post and time.

    For now, it was off the Nafplio to reset and seek healing from the abuse i put my feet through, who knows, i might just find it in the lands of ancient Epidaurus where i’m headed next.

  • Greece – Heraklion, Crete

    Bulls and Kings


    A New Odyssey

    Setting off on a new adventure — this time to the land (or lands) of cerulean blue seas, Olympic beginnings, and epic myths: Greece.

    Well, first to Heraklion, specifically. Ironically, the cheapest flight from where I was happened to land on this island instead of Athens.

    Which kind of worked out for me, since the Palace of Knossos is just around the corner. How convenient.

    Getting here was simple enough. I had a direct flight to Nikos Kazantzakis Airport (HER) in Heraklion. Since it landed after midnight, I hopped onto a local bus and checked into my hostel for the night.

    Till 4 hours later that is. Yes, I’m back with my sleep-deprived adventures. If you’ve read my posts before, you’ll know I’m a fan of getting to archaeological sites or museums right at opening — to avoid the crowds and, in this case, the summer sun too.

    The Greek summer sun is ruthless. Less than an hour under its death rays, and conveniently forgetting my sunscreen at the hostel, I was cooked like a ready-to-eat lobster. And I arrived in June, peak summer season. Joy.

    Fortunately, getting to the site is as straightforward as hopping onto a local bus. Tickets can be purchased both onboard and at self-service kiosks, but it’s cheaper at the kiosk. A roundtrip ticket from the bus driver is €5, but only €3.60 at the kiosk. The journey takes about 30–40 minutes.

    The entrance to the Archaeological Site of Knossos is just a 5-minute walk from the bus stop, and the entrance fee costs £20.

    The Palace, The King, and The Bull

    The Archaeological Site of Knossos, also known as the Palace of Knossos, is deeply intertwined with Greek mythology, especially stories about King Minos, the Minotaur, and the Labyrinth.

    To those not familiar with this particular lore, here’s a bite-sized version: King Minos was said to be a powerful king of Crete and the son of Zeus and Europa. To become king of Crete, he competed with his brothers, backed by the god Poseidon, who sent him a bull as a sign of favor. That bull was supposed to be sacrificed to honor Poseidon once Minos became king — but he didn’t, because the bull was too pretty and he wanted to keep it. So, in typical Greek god fashion, it was time for revenge. Poseidon, with the help of Aphrodite, made Minos’s wife, Pasiphaë, fall in love with the bull and do the nasty with it,

    And that was how the Minotaur was born. So Minos had Daedalus construct the Labyrinth to contain the creature. This leads to the story of Daedalus and how his son, Icarus, flew too close to the sun, as well as the tale of Theseus slaying the Minotaur with Ariadne’s help. But those are stories for another time.

    Much of these tales appear in Homer’s Iliad and Odyssey, both really intriguing reads. But if you’re not the reading type, luck’s on your side, because The Odyssey is getting the Hollywood treatment, set to release in 2026, and hopefully stays somewhat true to the source material with its star-studded cast.

    While King Minos’s existence is debatable, the Palace of Knossos is a legend in its own right. With its maze-like layout, bull motifs, and sacred symbolism, it likely inspired the myths. Frescoes depicting bull-leaping ceremonies hint at the cultural reverence of the bull — and possibly at the myth of the Minotaur.

    The name “Minoan” itself was coined by Sir Arthur Evans, the British archaeologist who excavated the site. We still don’t know what the Minoans actually called themselves.

    The site itself is a sprawling, multi-story complex with over 1,000 rooms, intricate corridors, and advanced features such as indoor plumbing, drainage, colorful frescoes, storage pithoi jars, courtyards, roads and workshops.

    Restoration or Reinvention?

    Evans excavated Knossos between 1900 and 1931, and then undertook a bold, and controversial, restoration project. Instead of leaving ruins as-is, he rebuilt parts of the palace using reinforced concrete, commissioning artists to recreate frescoes and architectural elements based on his interpretation of what Knossos should have looked like.

    Some of the most iconic reconstructions include the Grand Staircase, the Throne Room, and frescoes like the Prince of the Lilies and Bull-Leaping Scene. The signature red-painted columns you see today? Yep, also part of Evans’ vision.

    But here’s the issue: a lot of these reconstructions were hypothetical, sometimes based on mere fragments. And once concrete was used, the original structures were gone for good — meaning future archaeologists couldn’t re-examine untouched remains.

    That said, Evans’s vision has shaped how we see Minoan civilization. His reconstructions are both preservation and projection — and a major reason Knossos is as famous, or infamous, as it is today.

    The Visit

    The site is massive and slightly chaotic — in a charming way. Depending on your pace, expect to spend 1 to 2 hours here. The layout definitely fits the “labyrinth” description, but if you stick to the main paths, you won’t need Ariadne’s thread, just follow the tour groups (there are lots).

    There are info plaques scattered around and guides available at the entrance if you want the full narrative. But it does get crowded fast, especially in summer, and the narrow paths can get claustrophobic. I recommend arriving at opening or at least two hours before closing.

    A visit to the Knossos Palace is not complete without a visit to the Heraklion Archaeological Museum, where most of the excavated artifacts are. The museum is the world’s leading institution for Minoan civilization, and brings together thousands of artifacts spanning over 5,500 years of Cretan history , from the Neolithic era through the Roman period, with a special emphasis on the Minoan Bronze Age.

    The museum houses the most comprehensive collection of Minoan artifacts anywhere in the world, many of them excavated from Knossos, Phaistos, Malia, Zakros, and other Minoan palatial sites across Crete.

    Some highlights of the museum include the frescos from the Knossos Palace, Linear A and B tablets, the Bee Pendant from Malia and so on, for me it was the scaled down reconstruction of the Knossos Palace near the entrance. Probably the clearest visualization of how sprawling and advanced this place truly was, it is impressive to think such structures were made some 4000 years ago, and still inspires architecture and art till this day.

    The museum also features a myth vs. history section, connecting Greek lore with archaeological reality, along with a full breakdown of King Minos’s legendary family tree. It’s insightful, well-laid-out, and doesn’t drown you in text. An absolute must after seeing the palace itself.

    So, whether you’re here for the history, the mythology, or just Season 15 Episode 215 of the Greek gods behaving badly, Knossos doesn’t disappoint. It’s one thing to read about ancient kings, divine grudges, and monstrous offspring, it’s another to walk the same labyrinthine paths that may have inspired them. Standing amid the crumbling walls, frescoes, and echoing corridors, it’s easy to see how legend and reality blurred into one timeless tale. And honestly, in a world where bulls can father monsters and palaces double as mazes, who’s to say where myth ends and history begins?